Alternatives for the decision regarding the high lead found in the whistles Essay Example for Free

Options for the choice in regards to the high lead found in the whistles Essay The circumstance of deciding how to deal with the as of late found high lead content in the enormous whistles request is a troublesome one that will somehow or another influence the organization. Three options have been settled on to permit choices for this choice. Elective 1: Say nothing; permit the whistles shipment to abandon advising the client. Elective 2: Replace the customer’s request by giving whistles that fulfill the suitable organization guidelines. Elective 3: Contact the client and clarify the circumstance, offer them a markdown for on the whistles that are lower than the organization standard. Choice Process The procedure for picking the three options started by distinguishing the choice to be made. The current choice is how to manage the data found about the request for whistles heading off to a school in South America. This is a significant choice that will influence the organization in every other option. The subsequent stage of the procedure is posting alternatives workable for the circumstance, and afterward contemplating those choices by posting points of interest and drawbacks of each. At that point the choice was made by picking the best generally speaking answer for the choice. Furthermore, in conclusion the choice was assessed to decide whether the outcomes were what was normal. The three choices for this choice are recorded above; express nothing to the client, supplant the request, or attempt to make an arrangement for the client. Every choice is spurred by an outcome that will profit the organization monetarily, morally, or a blend of both. The thought behind the elective 1 choice was to set aside cash forthright and not waste time with request changes and different bothers for the organization. In contemplating this choice the benefit of this is set aside cash and time for the organization. The weakness would be a conceivably troubled client, a dishonest move which could make representatives consider the to be as being unreasonable; giving a poor item that could be dangerous to youngsters. The legitimate implications of this option would be unsafe if the a youngster turned out to be sick from the utilization of the whistles and the organization was accused, sued, and so forth. The thought behind the elective 2 choice was to supplant the clients request with whistles that are not conceivably risky and satisfies the organization guidelines. The benefit of this choice isn't placing the organization in a deceptive circumstance of attempting to pass items that are under standard for high caliber. This will help set a standard of morals in the organization that could spur representatives to accomplish great work. The drawback of this alternative is that it will cost the organization $100,000. The money related misfortune could set aside a long effort to recuperate from, the positive effect on representatives won’t promptly make up for the misfortune. There would not be a legitimate issue with this alternative. The thought behind the elective 3 choice was to attempt to contact the client and clarify the circumstance and let them choose if they might want the whistles supplanted or to take the dangerous whistles at a rebate. The upside of this option is that the client could choose to keep the first whistles which would even now spare the organization a lot of cash slicing the misfortunes to an a lot littler sum. Additionally it would show that the organization had the customer’s wellbeing as a main priority. The hindrance of this choice is that it could think about adversely the organization still since we can’t truly decide how the client will feel about the whistles that are conceivably perilous. They client may imagine that the organization is attempting to compromise and set aside themselves cash. This would be terrible for future business. Lawfully the client would presumably not attempt and sue the organization, yet there is as yet the possible issue of the organization being accounted for as assembling items with excessively high of a lead content. This would execute the company’s notoriety and the client connections of different customers. Suggestion Alternative 2 is the suggested choice; supplanting the customer’s request by giving whistles that fulfill the fitting organization guidelines. This choice was settled on by both moral and money related choices. Morally this option is the most proper. The client reached the organization to give an item to be utilized in the South American schools. It is untrustworthy to furnish the client with an item that is underneath the organization and nation gauges despite the fact that they are not disregarding the South American norm. The client picked this organization over a remote organization to give a quality and safe item. This proposal will decidedly influence the organization since they will potentially turn out to be increasingly great according to the client, with the chance of more business later on from them and their business relations. This alternative was picked for organization acknowledgment, yet in addition to spare youngsters from a possibly dangerous encounter. This choice will be an incredible expense to the organization, yet the positive experience from both the client and representatives. By making a culture of â€Å"wanting to do what is right† will support future deals and the organization will step by step procure the misfortune in assets back after some time. Client connections Considering the result on the client relationship is a significant piece of the dynamic procedure. We need to ask ourselves in what capacity will the client feel about our choice, by what method will it impact them and by what means will it impact the organization? By picking elective 2, to supplant the whistles, the organization will look well to the client, being the school purchasing the whistles. In spite of the fact that the organization will simply be giving the item that was initially settled upon for the underlying deal, the client will understand that the organization is giving up to supplant the whistles and they will disappear with a positive relationship with the organization. This experience makes certain to cultivate future business from the client due to the positive experience they encountered. They will likewise be bound to prescribe the organization to their friends and the organization could increase considerable business from the experience. The youngsters who might be eventually influenced by the nature of the whistles will like getting a quality, non-dangerous item, and the guardians of the kids will be appreciative realizing that the organization carried on morally. This could likewise make future business for the organization by furnishing the youngsters and guardians with a positive encounter from the organization. The organization representatives will see the standard of morals depicted by the organization and it will reflect in their work. By giving a case of a high moral standard all things considered, representatives will invest heavily in their work which will influence the organization in a positive manner. The company’s choice will influence different phases of individuals, their emotions, contemplations, and practices will help the organization over the long haul to recover the misfortune taken from supplanting the whistles. The monetary profits will be steady yet boundless over the long haul of making an organization with a predominant moral norm. Social Responsibility In a partnership, social duty is carrying on morally as individual laborers and all together to be touchy toward social, social, financial and natural issues. This implies the organization doesn’t consistently do what’s best for its self but instead do what is best for their condition, clients, workers, culture, and so forth. Social duty is a major piece of the dynamic procedure since choices made by the organization not just influence the organization alone, it influences workers, the economy, the clients, and nature. These choices and techniques are significant when considering long haul business tasks. The dynamic procedure for the circumstance had numerous elements included. The most recognizable factor was the expense of supplanting the lower quality whistles with an item that is up to the company’s standard and isn’t conceivably unsafe. There was different methods of looking the issue; overlooking it, setting aside the organization cash and trusting there was not issues with the item, or there was the choice to supplant the item with something the organization could be glad for, an item that had no perils for use by youngsters, and doing what was suitable morally for the circumstance. Social obligation had a significant impact in the choice to utilize elective 2 and supplant the request with whistles that didn’t have high measures of lead. The decision to do what is best for the client, condition, and the children of the schools exceeded the choice to spare the organization time and cash.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay Topic

How to Write an Argumentative Essay TopicIf you are assigned an essay topic in college, do you have an idea of what to write about? Argumentative essays tend to not be well received by students; therefore, the writer needs to know how to write an argumentative essay. In this article, I will discuss some of the things you need to know to create a well-argued argumentative essay for college.Academic essay topics often involve a lot of analysis. Writing an essay that engages the reader and stimulates thought is something that can be difficult. The subject is too difficult for the majority of people; therefore, the reader cannot get the whole story because they are not educated enough to do so.The way to deal with this is to give the reader the opportunity to learn the subject matter through the use of an argumentative essay. Writing an argumentative essay can be hard, but it does not have to be very difficult. All you need to do is consider the things you know about the subject. Then, u se your knowledge to present your opinion in a way that makes sense to the reader.There are many different reasons why people write essays on subject areas such as academic essay topics. Sometimes, the essay topic is a way to get a reading assignment. Some students also choose to write essays to prepare for testing. The reason why they want to get a reading assignment will influence the topic of the essay.When writing academic essay topics, there are several ways to go about this. One way is to go about a subject and list the reasons why you feel that this is the case. You then create a paragraph that discusses the reasons and presents your opinion on the subject. The reason behind why you feel that the topic is the way it is presented is important because you need to be able to show the reader why you feel that the subject is true.Another way to write argumentative essays on academic essay topics is to relate it to an area of study. You can use examples from the entire class when d iscussing an issue, or you can use a personal example. In any case, the information you have about the topic will influence how you write the essay. You will need to be able to explain the various details to the reader.Because it is difficult to determine how to write an argumentative essay on academic essay topics, I will not provide you with a step-by-step guide. However, I will provide you with some resources for help in writing the essay. There are several great resources available online that offer helpful advice for writing a good essay. The materials that I will mention here are from the ever-popular EzineArticles.com.These are resources I highly recommend to those who are writing an essay topics on a topic. When writing an essay, it is important to understand that there are other readers than just yourself. Many people dislike arguments because they do not understand the reasoning behind why it is made. To avoid this problem, always research a topic before writing the essay.

Corporate Social Responsibility Programs Marketing Managers Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility Programs Marketing Managers - Essay Example While obeying law and financial intrigue, a social mindful business is associated with social exercises that improve society. It doesn't give the idea that the obligations of an enterprise to society, their workers, clients, providers, and the networks or investors wherein they administration are by and by According to Robbins, a social mindful business seeks after long objectives that are useful for society and cause no damage. Promoting supervisors, as good operators, are required to make down to earth and just as moral choices. In doing as such, chiefs need to make the wisest decision since it is their obligation. For what reason do promoting directors need to guarantee that their organizations work noticeable Corporate Social Responsibility programs (CSR) CSR ought to be of high need. This will offer administrators the chance to show their incentive all through the organization. General conclusion underpins companies seeking after financial and social objectives. Social capable organizations will in general have made sure about since quite a while ago run of benefits. Social capable exercises are just the best activity. Looking for social objectives make an appealing open picture for organizations. Association in social projects assists with taking care of social issues. Tending to social issues before they become genuine and expensive will profit the general public overall. A socially dependable company can ordinarily anticipate least government guidelines. Concerning interests, being social mindful will build an organization's stock costs over the long haul. What's more, numerous fruitful o rganizations have colossal benefits that will bolster magnanimous activities that need financing (Robbins, 2005, Page102). Elfren Sicangco Cruz states that there numerous meanings of corporate social duty. As indicated by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, CSR is a proceeding with responsibility by business to carry on morally while adding to monetary turn of events; improving the personal satisfaction for laborers and their families; the nearby network and society on the loose. Mallen Baker recommends that corporate administration business forms are to have a general constructive outcome on society. The International Organization of Employers says CSR is a deliberate positive activity by organizations that look past legitimate perspectives in monetary, social, and natural regions. Michael Hopkins, in A Plantary Bargain: CSR Comes of Age, proceeds to state that corporate social duty is the treatment of partners both in and outside the enterprise. Corporate social obligation (CSR) is major to a long haul, far reaching way to deal with business achievement. CSR has gotten one of the benchmarks of an association's general achievement. Partnerships just as their advertising chiefs need to guarantee that each part of their exhibition mirror the qualities, interests and desires for society. Why Social capable exercises influence an organization's financial exhibition. There are discoveries from investigate considers that can completely clarify the significance of corporate social duty programs. In such examinations, there seems, by all accounts, to be little proof that an organization's social exercises hurt long haul monetary execution. Organizations are detailing that there is certain connection between social duty and monetary execution. Advertising supervisors should, be that as it may, positively consider social objectives as they plan, sort out, lead and control their organization's tasks. Company can execute CSR at numerous levels.

The Evolution of American Isolationism

â€Å"Isolationism† is a government policy or doctrine of taking no role in the affairs of other nations. A government’s policy of isolationism, which that government may or may not officially acknowledge, is characterized by a reluctance or refusal to enter into treaties, alliances, trade commitments, or other international agreements. Supporters of isolationism, known as â€Å"isolationists,† argue that it allows the nation to devote all of its resources and efforts to its own advancement by remaining at peace and avoiding binding responsibilities to other nations. American Isolationism While it has been practiced to some degree in U.S. foreign policy since before the War for Independence, isolationism in the United States has never been about a total avoidance of the rest of the world. Only a handful of American isolationists advocated the complete removal of the nation from the world stage. Instead, most American isolationists have pushed for the avoidance of the nation’s involvement in what Thomas Jefferson called â€Å"entangling alliances.† Instead, U.S. isolationists have held that America could and should use its wide-ranging influence and economic strength to encourage the ideals of freedom and democracy in other nations by means of negotiation rather than warfare. Isolationism refers to Americas longstanding reluctance to become involved in European alliances and wars. Isolationists held the view that Americas perspective on the world was different from that of European societies and that America could advance the cause of freedom and democracy by means other than war. American Isolationism Born in the Colonial Period Isolationist feelings in America dates back to the colonial period. The last thing many American colonists wanted was any continued involvement with the European governments that had denied them religious and economic freedom and kept them enmeshed in wars. Indeed, they took comfort in the fact that they were now effectively â€Å"isolated† from Europe by the vastness of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite an eventual alliance with France during the War for Independence, the basis of American isolationism can is found in Thomas Paine’s famed paper Common Sense, published in 1776. Paine’s impassioned arguments against foreign alliances drove the delegates to the Continental Congress to oppose the alliance with France until it became obvious that the revolution would be lost without it.   Twenty years and an independent nation later, President George Washington memorably spelled out the intent of American isolationism in his Farewell Address: â€Å"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities.† Washington’s opinions of isolationism were widely accepted. As a result of his Neutrality Proclamation of 1793, the U.S. dissolved its alliance with France. And in 1801, the nation’s third president, Thomas Jefferson, in his inaugural address, summed up American isolationism as a doctrine of peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   The 19th Century: The Decline of US Isolationism Through the first half of the 19th century, America managed to maintain its political isolation despite its rapid industrial and economic growth and status as a world power. Historians again suggest that the nation’s geographical isolation from Europe continued to allow the U.S. to avoid the â€Å"entangling alliances† feared by the Founding Fathers. Without abandoning its policy of limited isolationism, the United States expanded its own borders from coast-to-coast and began creating territorial empires in the Pacific and the  Caribbean during the 1800s. Without forming binding alliances with Europe or any of the nations involved, the U.S. fought three wars: the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish-American War. In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine boldly declared that the United States would consider the colonization of any independent nation in North or South America by a European nation to be an act of war. In delivering the historic decree, President James Monroe voiced the isolationist view, stating, â€Å"In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken part, nor does it comport with our policy, so to do.† But by the mid-1800s, a combination of world events began to test the resolve of American isolationists: The expansion of the German and Japanese military industrial empires that would eventually immerse the United States in two world wars had begun.Though short-lived, the occupation of the Philippines by the United States during the Spanish-American war had inserted American interests into the Western Pacific islands — an area generally considered to be part of Japan’s sphere of influence.Steamships, undersea communications cables, and radio enhanced America’s stature in world trade, but at the same time, brought her closer to her potential enemies. Within the United States itself, as industrialized mega-cities grew, small-town rural America — long the source of isolationist feelings — shrank. The 20th Century: The End of US Isolationism   World War I (1914 to 1919) Though actual battle never touched her shores, America’s participation in World War I marked the nation’s first departure from its historic isolationist policy. During the conflict, the United States entered into binding alliances with the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Belgium, and Serbia to oppose the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. However, after the war, the United States returned to its isolationist roots by immediately ending all of its war-related European commitments. Against the recommendation of President Woodrow Wilson, the U.S. Senate rejected the war-ending Treaty of Versailles, because it would have required the U.S. to join the League of Nations. As America struggled through the Great Depression from 1929 to 1941, the nation’s foreign affairs took a back seat to economic survival. To protect U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition, the government imposed high tariffs on imported goods. World War I also brought an end to America’s historically open attitude toward immigration. Between the pre-war years of 1900 and 1920, the nation had admitted over 14.5 million immigrants. After the passage of the Immigration Act of 1917, fewer than 150,000 new immigrants had been allowed to enter the U.S. by 1929. The law restricted the immigration of â€Å"undesirables† from other countries, including â€Å"idiots, imbeciles, epileptics, alcoholics, poor, criminals, beggars, any person suffering attacks of insanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  World War II (1939 to 1945) While avoiding the conflict until 1941, World War II marked a turning point for American isolationism. As Germany and Italy swept through Europe and North Africa, and Japan began taking over Eastern Asia, many Americans started to fear that the Axis powers might invade the Western Hemisphere next. By the end of 1940, American public opinion had started to shift in favor of using U.S. military forces to help defeat the Axis.   Still, nearly one million Americans supported the America First Committee, organized in 1940 to oppose the nation’s involvement in the war. Despite pressure from isolationists, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proceeded with his administration’s plans to assist the nations targeted by the Axis in ways not requiring direct military intervention. Even in the face of Axis successes, a majority of Americans continued to oppose actual U.S. military intervention. That all changed on the morning of December 7, 1941, when naval forces of Japan launched a sneak attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On December 8, 1941, America declared war on Japan. Two days later, the America First Committee disbanded.   After World War II, the United States helped establish and became a charter member of the United Nations in October 1945. At the same time, the emerging threat posed by Russia under Joseph Stalin and the specter of communism that would soon result in the Cold War effectively lowered the curtain on the golden age of American isolationism. War on Terror: A Rebirth of Isolationism? While the terrorist attacks of Sept 11, 2001, initially spawned a spirit of nationalism unseen in America since World War II, the ensuing War on Terror may have resulted in the return  of American isolationism. Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq claimed thousands of American lives. At home, Americans fretted through a slow and fragile recovery from a Great Recession many economists compared to the Great Depression of 1929. Suffering from war abroad and a failing economy at home, America found itself in a situation very much like that of the late  1940s when isolationist feelings prevailed. Now as the threat of another war in Syria looms, a growing number of Americans, including some policymakers, are questioning the wisdom of further U.S. involvement. â€Å"We are not the world’s policeman, nor its judge and jury,† stated U.S. Rep. Alan Grayson (D-Florida) joining a bipartisan group of lawmakers arguing against U.S. military intervention in Syria. â€Å"Our own needs in America are great, and they come first.† In his first major speech after winning the 2016 presidential election, President-Elect Donald Trump expressed the isolationist ideology that became one of his campaign slogans — â€Å"America first.† â€Å"There is no global anthem, no global currency, no certificate of global citizenship,† Mr. Trump  said on December 1, 2016. â€Å"We pledge allegiance to one flag, and that flag is the American flag. From now on, its going to be America first. In their words, Rep. Grayson, a progressive Democrat, and President-Elect Trump, a conservative Republican, may have announced the rebirth of American isolationism.

The Need For Mindfulness Practices - 1562 Words

The Need for Mindfulness Practices in Our Education System Sharereh Vakili Dastjerd Dr. Weldon PSYC 101 December 09, 2014 Sharereh Vakili Dastjerd Dr. Weldon PSYC 101 09 December, 2014 Need of Meditation and Yoga in Our Education System If you are like millions around the world, you may be frustrated with the state of the education system. A system which leaves us in debt, grants degrees that do not guarantee jobs or happiness, earns us only ordinary jobs that are not fulfilling; jobs where we survive instead of thrive. When I went to high school, I spent a large amount of time studying subjects such as geography, math, history, and etc. kids are still studying these subjects, and these are truly important, but the†¦show more content†¦Think about the times we are concern about our weight and we wished we had been taught to exercise and eat well, or times we are down and we wished to learn meditate to better control our emotions. These are the real world problems that can really hold us back in life, and directly influence our happiness and I thinks it is about the time to make these skills more accessible to everyone. The point is, if someone wants to get good at math, then he studies math, or if he wants to get good at science, he studies science and the same thing applies here. If you want to get good at relationships, you study relationships, or if you want to get successful, then you need to study success. School is definitely necessary, but it is not complete. Imagine an education that included the best of the current system, but at the same time, teaches you how to have healthier relationships, be better lovers, a better parent, live healthier, and not just live a successful life, but a deeply meaningful and fulfilled life. Given these points, the big gap in our educational system today is the gap between what skills people truly need to learn to live extraordinary lives and the amount of exposure they actually get to those skills. There is a way to fill this gap. Science has proven that our minds have inevitable power to shape our lives and our happiness. Whether it is intentionally or unwanted, our thoughts are actually determine our

Other Organizational Cultural Activities - 1556 Words

Other: Organizational cultural activities: The program recognizes the need for to ensure that all messaging is culturally-appropriate by involving target audiences in the translation (Cameron et al, 2015, p. 11). Other: Incentives and disincentives: Incentives exist for older individuals to participate in the Falls Free program and receive insurance incentives (Cameron et al, 2015, p. 30). Furthermore, provider incentives exist for promotion of the program within the context of coding, compensation and reimbursement (Cameron et al, 2015, p. 13). Financial incentives exist for providers to adopt information technology systems for medical management to reduce falls (p.17). In reference to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act†¦show more content†¦Home risk assessment tools are available via web based that can be used by consumers, providers, caregivers to assess the need for home modification in order to promote better home safety for the aging adult (Cameron et al, 2015, p. 21). Criterion IV: Program Oversight Results-based accountability framework: There is not a results-based accountability framework. This is a significant deficiency to the program, although stated in the Falls Free 2015 National Action Plan, the plan is leveraged on past data and progress, and it is not clear how the goals and objectives are formulated or based off of. Evidence is not provided to show whether results-based accountability framework is drives future program growth. Published budget: A budget is publically published on the National Council for Aging website. The budget includes the aging program funding. Specifically the actual spending for fiscal year 2015 and 2016 is outline for each program. Five million dollars was spent in fall prevention in the elderly. The administration requested ten million dollars for the fiscal year 2017 from the Prevention and Public Health Fund allocated by Congress (Federal Budget – FY17 Aging Program Funding Table, Rep, n.d.). However, the day-to-day operations, salaries, and program’s individual budgets could not be located. Appropriate use of funds: The funding received primarily from the

Security Program for FoodLand

Question: Discuss about the Security Program for FoodLand. Answer: Introduction In this report, the security aspects of FoodLand Supermarkets, a retail store in South Australia is evaluated and highlighted. FoodLand has been witnessing strong growth during the past decades and there is a need to establish strong security measures to protect their systems and data from threats. The growth of the internet and related technologies has benefitted the company to expand their operations using the world-wide-web. At the same time as threats and attacks on transactions, systems are on the rise, FoodLand is facing the threat of cyber security attack in their operations. In order to establish, a strong security mechanism for the company, the existing security scenario in FoodLand is first examined . FoodLand Supermarkets perform business transactions through their website. The recent security incidents and breaches on the internet show there has been an increase in cyber crime (Roberts, et al. 2012) particularly targeting e-commerce sites, where hackers target financial accounts and customer data along with personal details like credit card numbers, passwords, and bank details. The company has a good reputation, and also respects the privacy of its customers using the website, but concerned due to data breach their customers personally identifiable information could be compromised and misused by hackers (Weber, 2010). In addition to this, the company also shares their customer data with vendors and other partners who offer extended offers, coupons, and promotions for FoodLands customers. This is again a threat because the company does not have control of their customer data. However, the website offers authentication by username and password, and after verification, the customer can make an online purchase transaction. Many consumers in Australia prefer to make online purchases on a daily basis for its convenience and ease of use (McHenry, 2013). At the same time the online fraud is also on the rise. There are numerous cases to show hackers steal important credit card information when a user is making an online transaction, and hackers more find it easy when consumers make use of open wireless networks for transacting (Hu et al. 2011). Security Challenges faced by FoodLand Supermarket The following security challenges are faced by the retailer in their services. Threats and attacks from the internet on their online consumers Hackers stealing personal consumer informationbank details, credit card numbers, passwords, etc. for misuse and personal gains. Security breaches are possible in their point-of-sale (PoS) systems, databases, transaction and accounting systems Misuse of consumer information while sharing with their vendors, trading partners, etc. because they are external parties Types of attacks envisaged by the company are phishing attacks, DoS, unauthorized access, malicious activity, security breaches, card payment fraud, and so on. Attacks and threats envisaged have wide negative implications for their business. All threats and attacks are due to vulnerabilities present in their existing IT systems and infrastructure which must be handled to secure and protect information Objectives of the report The objectives of the report are as follows: Explore methods to improve the information security for FoodLands Provide an analysis of the overall security program in FoodLands Explore the option of implementing ISO security standards and development of good security practices Assess risks for the type of controls needed to minimize the impact of attacks Report structure Having understood the threats faced by FoodLand, the report provides details on the security program required by the company. The report also explores the need for security structure in their organization and identifies training needs on security (Puhakainen and Siponen, 2010). The use of ISO standards in the implementation of a security plan is explored for its suitability in FoodLand. The need for security certifications in the implementing good security practices and procedures may help in improving its security posture. The need for security certification as an option is examined. Lastly, the report provides a risk assessment that identifies key threats for FoodLand and the type of controls required to mitigate risks to bring them to a minimum level is provided. Security Assessments and Discussions As mentioned earlier, customers make use of unsecured wireless networks to make online transactions. In addition to this, the number of customers using their online services is increasing. It is important to understand that unsecured wireless networks pose serious threats to data when they are transmitted (Cavallari et al. 2014). Due to unsecured networks, there are many top threats and vulnerabilities that exist and make retailers like FoodLands Supermarket an easy target for attackers and hackers (Romanosky et al. 2011). Therefore, it is crucial for FoodLands to safeguard their customer details, data and protect against security threats. The large proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices used in retail business processes (Haller and Magerkurth, 2011) adds to the existing threat landscape. Retailers make use of IoT devices to manage inventory, perform mobile transactions, measure temperature of certain food stuff, monitor store temperature, and so on. IoT devices are connected to the main IT network infrastructure and transmit data constantly in the network. These devices are easily vulnerable to attacks, particularly when IoT devices participate in wireless networks, their level of vulnerability increases. This is one important challenge the company has to make adequate security measures. In addition to the wireless networks and use of IoT device, the company is vulnerable to credit-card payment fraud which is another major problem worldwide (Dal Polozzo et al. 2014). Credit card theft is quite common when it is not protected by a chip and as well as PIN (Personal Index Number) (Asani, 2014). The security issues arising out of credit card fraud has resulted in deterioration of brands and customer trust (Rao et al. 2014). FoodLands is aware of these concerns in their PoS systems and online portal. Data security breach is another significant threat where attackers steal customer data and misuse it for their gains. Normally customer data is more vulnerable and may be exposed to POS systems at the time of purchasing products or while making an online payment (Murdoch and Anderson, 2010). This is another important aspect of security in FoodLands. Security vulnerabilities and attacks can have a huge negative impact on business operations, reputation and profits. A review of overall security indicated that business could be impacted by Loss of value with shareholders reduced profits, the decline in trust with customers, deterioration of brand and reputation. This can further result in significant reduction in online transactions thus reducing profits for the company. In addition to these effects, hackers make use of holiday season to exploit a maximum number of vulnerabilities in retailer systems (Burner, 2014). Therefore, security data involves not only overcoming technical flaws in systems but also involves many aspects such as customer service, awareness of security issues, user training and protection of individual rights. Comprehensive security measures required for FoodLands will include, Multi-layer access controls Deterrence against threats (use of firewalls, hardware, and software security systems can be considered or implementation) Detection (The company can make use of intrusion prevention systems (IPS) or intrusion detection systems (IDS) to identify any malicious activity in their systems) Assessment will involve a thorough analysis on threat landscape and their implications to their systems Response measures will involve the implementation of data encryption in wireless networks, encryption for databases and storage of important data in the company can also be considered. The overall security program (Norman, 2016) will consist of the following Security Policies and Procedures Defining access levels for all staff, customers, partners and vendors Access controls refers to a particular user can have access to only those data as appropriate for his/her role and level User authorization and there can be 2-way authentication in online transactions Implementing perimeter security measures for the network to prevent penetration attacks Having a security awareness program Training on security Deploying special countermeasures to overcome unique vulnerabilities The overall security program will take into consideration the above aspects along with user training on security is required so they are aware of the security implementation. Professional plan of training requirements Security implementations may require following new procedures like authentication or validation. A successful security project implementation will assimilate the proposed changes in the organization. When new technologies and policies are implemented in FoodLands, there is a need for employee training and education. The training is mostly done after the new policies and procedures in security are already implemented and in place. It is also highly important to note that untrained users can work around to bypass controls and this can create additional vulnerabilities in the system (Whitman and Mattord, 2012). FoodLands must plan for training within three weeks before the new policies and security systems are implemented and they are online. In addition to training, the security project must ensure compliance documents are made available to all employees or them to read, understand and agree on new policies. Training plans will also ensure users to follow certain procedures while using IT systems and are aware of the importance of information in the company. The following points can be fulfilled through training, Users are made aware of the selected controls and their effectiveness Through training, the management can find it easy to implement procedures for promptly identifying security violations and respond to security events Training will help organize information security and incident management. In an organization, security is supported and a chief security officer (CSO) is the main focal point for communication and coordination of all security matters, supervision, and management of countermeasures, implementation, for security planning and awareness programs. The users and staff can understand their accountability in using the system. Training is an inherent part of ensuring a culture of security (Tsohou et al, 2010) in the company. ISO security standards FoodLands can consider the best practices and global standards in implementing their systems security and ensure data protection. International Standards Organization (ISO) provides the requirements for products and services to meet world markets in a transparent manner. ISO security framework also offers assessment mechanisms to verify if the security standards measure up to the standards. The ISO/IEC 27001:2013 is a set of requirements for implementing, maintaining and improving information security management within the context of any type of organization (ISO, 2013). This standard provides a method to evaluate security risks which can be customized for FoodLands. The requirement in ISO 27001:2013 is generic and they are advantageous for information systems security by Standardizing terminologies through consensus Providing a uniform understanding and agreements on functional and non-functional requirements in the design of information systems to be compatible in diverse environments Strengthening interoperability These three advantages are highly required for FoodLands, because when they operate their business in the world-wide-web catering to online users, their systems and applications must function consistently and efficiently when users are accessing from a variety of devices. In addition to this, FoodLands will also comply with global standards in information security which can benefit the organization in the long run, like while planning to move to a cloud service and so on. By implementing the standards in ISO 27001: 2013, the company will be able to enhance their security standards through their information security standards concept, interlinks, and categories (Berr, 2010). This standard is a framework that will serve two purposes for FoodLands, that include Links existing security practices in a coherent and systematic manner Provides guidelines to CSO in making effective security management decisions. The guidelines are based mainly on the security management code of practice (ISO/IEC 27002: 2005) and specification of requirements (ISO/IEC 237001:2005) standards The ISO standards provide a framework for FoodLands to organize effective security management procedures and implement practices in accordance with security standardization activities. Information Security Certifications FoodLands, in order to enhance their security systems for data protection, can also consider hiring security personnel with specialized certifications (Merkow and Breithaupt, 2014). There are a variety of information security certifications available from international bodies compiled below: Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) which is recognized globally and a standard for all IT professionals. Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) is suitable for staff interested in auditing, monitor, control and in the access of an organizations business IT. Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) is focused on designing, managing and evaluate information security in organizations. Certified Ethical Hacker (CAH) is for individuals interested in specific network security from the neutral perspective of vendors. This certification program will provide knowledge for security officers, auditors, administrators and any expert specializing in the integrity of network infrastructure. In addition to the above certifications, there are many more accreditation programs provided by vendors such as CISCO, CompTIA, and so on. In the case of FoodLands, the security program is to design, manage, monitor and evaluate information security for the company to protect their data from attacks. Hence the security certification recommended for the CSO of FoodLands can be either CISM or CISSP. Risk assessment The risk assessment activity for FoodLands follows a development lifecycle. A risk management framework is used to continually evaluate the risk management by observing the following steps: Perform an analysis of impact and categorize information stored, processed and transmitted by the system Based on organizational assessment, select initial set of security controls for assessments of risk and local conditions Implement security controls and demonstrate how the controls can be used within FoodLands Review security controls using evaluation methods to determine if the controls are established correctly and meeting the security needs Information system must be authorized only for registered users and establish access controls based on their engagement with FoodLands Monitor security controls and updating security procedures is an ongoing activity. The risk management framework considered for FoodLands is shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Security risk management framework (Whitman and Mattord, 2012) Risk assessment is an ongoing activity and highly crucial for business operations. It is important to note that implementing security policies and procedures require the need for certification for the individual in FoodLands. Conclusion In this report, the risk assessment and an overall risk management plan for FoodLands are provided for its information security system. Due to the expansion of their operations to cater to online customers, the company allows online transactions for its customers. Since customers on the internet can make use of any type of device (computers, tablets, smartphones) to access the system and perform online transactions it has become highly crucial to protect the information stored in the companys system from attacks on the internet. It is highly important for FoodLands to protect their online customer data. It is also seen the existing systems are not well protected and vulnerabilities can be found in those areas while analyzing the existing IS scenario in the company. The report provides the overall security program by evaluating possible risks which are due to open wireless networks and credit card thefts. Usually, these issues are found on the internet in addition to another type of attacks. The company decided to implement robust security policies and procedures, however, there is a need for security certification program to be completed by their existing IT staff to gain expertise. The security certification programs available are highlighted and appropriate certification is recommended in the context of FoodLands. The importance of ISO risk management processes for information security is considered for the chosen company because it provides flexible risk management processes which can be tailored and can incorporate existing security practices in place. The report also provides a risk management framework which can be implemented for FoodLands. References Asani, E.O., 2014. A Review Of Trends Of Authentication Mechanisms For Access Control.Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics Allied Research Journal,5(2). BERR. 2008. Information Security Breaches Survey, Technical Report, PriceWater House Coopers, in association with Symantec, HP and The Security Company, Bruner, C.M. 2014. Authorized Investigation: A Temperate Alternative to Cyber Insecurity.Seattle UL Rev.,38, p.1463. Cavallari, R., Martelli, F., Rosini, R., Buratti, C. and Verdone, R. 2014. A survey on wireless body area networks: technologies and design challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(3), pp.1635-1657. Dal Pozzolo, A., Caelen, O., Le Borgne, Y.A., Waterschoot, S. and Bontempi, G. 2014. Learned lessons in credit card fraud detection from a practitioner perspective.Expert systems with applications,41(10), pp.4915-4928. Haller, S. and Magerkurth, C. 2011. The real-time enterprise: Iot-enabled business processes. InIETF IAB Workshop on Interconnecting Smart Objects with the Internet. Hu, N., Liu, L. and Sambamurthy, V. 2011. Fraud detection in online consumer reviews.Decision Support Systems,50(3), pp.614-626. ISO. 2013. ISO/IEC 27001:2013. Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management systems -- Requirements. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=54534. [Last Accessed 17-Sep-2016]. McHenry, MP. 2013. Technical and governance considerations for advanced metering infrastructure/smart meters: Technology, security, uncertainty, costs, benefits, and risks, Energy Policy,vol. 59, pp.834-842. Merkow, M.S. and Breithaupt, J., 2014.Information security: Principles and practices. Pearson Education. Murdoch, S.J. and Anderson, R. 2010. Verified by visa and mastercard secure-code: or, how not to design authentication. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 336-342). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Norman, T.L. 2016. Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasures Selection. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press. Taylor Francis Group. Puhakainen, P. and Siponen, M. 2010. Improving employees' compliance through information systems security training: an action research study.Mis Quarterly, pp.757-778. Rao, D.N., GopiKrishna, T. and Subramanyam, M. 2014. Electronic commerce environment: (Economic Drivers and Security Issues).Compusoft, 3(2), p.572. Roberts, L.D., Indermaur, D., and Spiranovic, C. 2012. Fear of Cyber-Identity Theft and Related Fraudulent Activity. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Copyright Taylor Francis, (Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13218719.2012.672275). Romanosky, S., Telang, R. and Acquisti, A., 2011. Do data breach disclosure laws reduce identity theft?.Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,30(2), pp.256-286. Tsohou, A., Kokolakis, S., Lambrinoudakis, C., Gritzalis, S., (2010). A security standards' framework to facilitate best practices' awareness and conformity. Information Management Computer Security. 18 (5), pp.350-362 Weber, R.H. 2010. Internet of ThingsNew security and privacy challenges.Computer Law Security Review,26(1), pp.23-30. Whitman, M.E. and Mattord, H.J. 2012. Principle of Information Security. 4th ed. Boston: Course Technology, Cengage Learning.

Career development activities

Table of Contents Job Rotation Activities Mentoring Activities Internship Activities Employee expectation Stake holder expectation Measuring programs effects on performance References Job Rotation Activities These help the employee to become exposed to new activities that can help improve their growth in an organization. Being in one position can create a monotonous routine for the employee and this will likely result in stifled employee growth as they are not faced with any new challenges. This career development strategy is effective when an organization is trying to break monotony. The organization can break monotony by assigning the employee various job functions (Patton McMahon, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Career development activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mentoring Activities Employees need inspiration from time to time and providing them support in form of mentoring activities c an help them acquire some form of mentorship. A career development mentor should be assigned to the employees to provide this kind of mentorship for the employees. The mentors could be from another country where they share work experiences with the employees of the organization regarding different work cultures. This could go a long way in helping the employee gain knowledge in how to adjust to different work environments. Furthermore, the mentor can give the employees insight as to how to write cover letters and resumes (Patton McMahon, 2001). Internship Activities Internships are a great way to help employees build their careers. Internship activities can help employees develop leadership skills. They acquire new experiences and interpersonal skills that help them to become more assertive especially when handling issues to do with conflict resolution. Employee expectation Employees have certain expectations when they are employed into a new company. As the employee settles into t he company, their expectations change with time. This can better be understood by looking at Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. What once attracted the employee into the company suddenly becomes insufficient. For instance the employee may feel that what they thought was a comfortable working environment is now crowded or what they thought was good pay is no longer enough. The company therefore needs to be prepared for other stages such as reviewing the pay package of the employee. An employee also expects their talent and hard work to be recognized. The employee will also want to advance further and go up the career ladder. If an organization provides very little opportunity for this step, then the employee is more likely to change jobs and move on to the next one. Stake holder expectation Stake holders in an organization expect the organization to be able to prove its legitimacy by proving how successful its operations have been. Moreover, the organization has to be legal and reco gnized by the government. In addition, a stakeholder will judge an organization based on their past experiences with it and how well it has managed to meet certain expectations (Ledinghum Bruning, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This helps to build an unquestionable reputation between the company and the stakeholder. Stakeholders expect the company to be free of crisis and scandals that can potentially ruin the image of the company. Such scandals include the company being associated with violating human rights, money laundering, etc. Measuring programs effects on performance These can be easily measured by assessing job performance of the employees. Scales are the most feasible method to use especially where businesses are not able to devote many days a week in order to test work performance. The most commonly used scale is the graphic rater scale. It helps the super visor make a direct judgment about the quality of employees work on a specific response scale. There are different types of response scales such as: continuous scales, verbally anchored scales, and numeric scales (Gamble, Strickland Thompson, 2007). References Gamble, J. Strickland, A Thompson, A. (2007). Crafting Executing Strategy. (15th Ed.).New York, McGraw-Hill Ledingham, A. J Bruning, D. S. (2001). Public Relations as Relationship Management: A Relational Approach. Routlegde Publishers. Patton, W McMahon M. (2001). Career Development Programs: Preparation For Lifelong Career Decision Making. ACER Press This essay on Career development activities was written and submitted by user Larissa H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge

The Dreamlike Death of Peyton Farquhar The title of the short story I chose to analyze is Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge by Ambrose Bierce. The story is set in the South during the Civil War. The main character in the story is a man by the name of Peyton Farquhar. He differs from most main characters in stories in that we originally know little about him. In this paper, I intend to discuss the change that happens in the life of Peyton Farquhar from the beginning of the story to the end. That change is one that is hard to discover because of the fact that we know little about him. However, its easy to see that he does go through changes regarding the way he perceives life, love and the world in general. The character is developed, strangely, in the middle of the story. The beginning of the story sets the scene of a man preparing to be hanged for war crimes off of a bridge (928, 1). At first, we get the scene explained to us in great detail but know little about the man being hanged himself. We see soldiers in uniform standing on the bridge. We see the river running underneath the bridge. We are given the details about the preparation for the hanging including the exact way that it is to be done (929, 4). It isn’t until the end of the first section of the story that we begin to understand what is going on in Farquhar’s head. We learn that he is looking around at his surroundings, almost admiring them, until he fixes his last thoughts upon his wife and children (930, 1 & 2). We see that the man standing on the one board keeping Farquhar from his death, ends up stepping aside at the end of the first section (930, 4). Then, the story quickly turns to setting up e xactly how he got into the predicament in the first place. We learn, in the second section of the story, that Farquhar is a wealthy planter. He is a slave owner and an original secessionist. One day, a Confederate soldier approached Farquhar at his h... Free Essays on Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge Free Essays on Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge The Dreamlike Death of Peyton Farquhar The title of the short story I chose to analyze is Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge by Ambrose Bierce. The story is set in the South during the Civil War. The main character in the story is a man by the name of Peyton Farquhar. He differs from most main characters in stories in that we originally know little about him. In this paper, I intend to discuss the change that happens in the life of Peyton Farquhar from the beginning of the story to the end. That change is one that is hard to discover because of the fact that we know little about him. However, its easy to see that he does go through changes regarding the way he perceives life, love and the world in general. The character is developed, strangely, in the middle of the story. The beginning of the story sets the scene of a man preparing to be hanged for war crimes off of a bridge (928, 1). At first, we get the scene explained to us in great detail but know little about the man being hanged himself. We see soldiers in uniform standing on the bridge. We see the river running underneath the bridge. We are given the details about the preparation for the hanging including the exact way that it is to be done (929, 4). It isn’t until the end of the first section of the story that we begin to understand what is going on in Farquhar’s head. We learn that he is looking around at his surroundings, almost admiring them, until he fixes his last thoughts upon his wife and children (930, 1 & 2). We see that the man standing on the one board keeping Farquhar from his death, ends up stepping aside at the end of the first section (930, 4). Then, the story quickly turns to setting up e xactly how he got into the predicament in the first place. We learn, in the second section of the story, that Farquhar is a wealthy planter. He is a slave owner and an original secessionist. One day, a Confederate soldier approached Farquhar at his h...

Hong Kong Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hong Kong Cinema - Essay Example Many cinema critics attribute (Abbas, 1997; Li, 2001) this miracle to European influences and those of Hollywood, principally, comparing to China, which had been running the policy of mystification and cultural isolation between the 1950s and 1990s. Hong Kong is usually depicted as a capitalist city, which growth over Communist China and to great extent assimilates to Western postmodernism and realism. The theoretical framework for Hong Kong cinema analysis was provided by A.Abbas (1997), who draws and synthesizes the concept of dis-appearance. modern Hong Kong cinema is close-knit to the 1997 integration into China, as the Communist rule was always perceived as the power limiting cultural and contextual peculiarities and eliminating all national allegories and allusions. The sense of dis-appearance is very specific and refers to a purloined or secreted reality which is ignored because of the common tendency to standardization (Abbas, 1997). Furthermore the representation of dis-appearance employs dichotomies, especially one between dj vu (or a feeling of clich action or behavior) and deja disparu, or a feeling that points to the uniqueness of the situation, which has already happened and leads a viewer to hyperreality of interrelations between the facts and the events which have never happened. The concept of dis-apperance is particularly relevant to Diaspora members and those wh o observe Hong Kong with foreigner's eyes, so I would like to discuss the film 'City of Glass' (by M.Cheung) in terms of Hong Kong cinema trends. Deja disparu is masterly shown in the film, as the plot itself contains underlying redline of dis-appearance as the characters' state of mind. The movie narrates about the fates of two persons, whose parents die in car accident just before the integration of Hong Kong into China. The catastrophe unfolds a romantic story between Rafael and Vivian, "that was seeded in the flamboyant 1970s at the University of Hong Kong, yet disrupted by the fervent political movement and social unrest. Their participation in the movement resulted in their separation when Rafael was put in prison and expelled from the university, a separation that would be overcome only 20 years later when Hong Kong is on the verge of turning "Chinese" again" (Hao and Chen, 2000, p.37). In spite of the separation of their fates, Rafael's son, David, and Vivian's daughter, Suzie, meet and begin to discover their parents' past. The young people gradually realize that Hong Kong is not merely a city of glass, but a huge sto re of memories and anticipation as well as the time-space reverses (ibid), allowing everyone create a number of models and in conditional tense('if..then'). Psychological life of both Hong Kong residents and foreigners is described as deja disparu, or a re-consideration of past events, including the search for inimitable and unique aspects in fates and fortunes. The idea of dis-appearance runs freely through the movie and reaches its culmination at the very end, when the young couple decide to put their parents' bone ashes blasted up in Hong Kongas the event signifies the complete physical disappearance and the return to the country at the same time, or deja disparu, a renovation of the old story. The ending could be interpreted in other ways, but all of them to certain degree point to the concept of dis-appearance: for instance, Rafael and Vivian 'withdraw' just after Hong Kong's transition to China, or after Hong Kong ceases

Modern sheet-metal forming processes used in the automotive industry Essay

Modern sheet-metal forming processes used in the automotive industry - Essay Example Parts that are made using sheet metal have numerous attractive qualities, which include excellent accuracy of dimension, adequate strength, light weight, and a wide range of possible dimensions ranging from miniature parts in electronics to the large parts of airplane structures. All sheet-metal forming processes can be divided into two major groups: cutting processes that include shearing, blanking, notching, piercing, and so on; and plastic deformation processes, which include bending, stretch formation, deep drawing, and other various forming processes. The cutting group of processes involves cutting the material by subjecting it to sheer stresses between punch and die or between the blades of a shear. The punch and die may be any shape, and the cutting contour may be open and closed. Parting: this consists of cutting the piece into several pieces or removing pieces of scrap of various shapes from deep drawn pieces. The operation of parting results in production of some scrap, unlike cutoff. Bending; this consists of straining flat sheets or strips of metal uniformly around a linear axis. Metal on the outside of the bend is stressed in tension beyond the elastic limit. Metal on the inside of the bend is compressed. Bending is a process by which metal can be molded into any shape through plastically deforming the material. It usually refers to deformation about one axis, and the material is stressed above its yield strength but below it’s ultimate tensile strength. The surface area of the material is not altered much. It is a flexile process by which a wide variety of shapes can be produced using standard die sets. The material is placed on the die, then positioned in place using stops and gages, and held in place with hold-downs. The upper part of the press, which is the ram with the desired shaped punch descends and forms a v-shaped bend

Organisational change Essay Example for Free

Organisational change Essay The author Gareth Morgan, uses a metaphor when describing organisational change. The title of his book Riding the waves of change suggests that change is a very dynamic process and for like surfers, managers and their organisation have to ride on a sea of change that can twist and turn with all the power of the ocean. The ocean representing the organisations internal and external environment. John Harvey-Jones (1993, p21) once said organisations need to adapt or perish. This is still as relevant now as it was in the 1990s. Change is due to a number of internal and external triggers. External triggers include, political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors and an increase in competition. Internal triggers are changes within the organisation. Change is now a major issue in which organisations, managers and their employees have to face. Organisations who fail to adapt to this dynamic environment in a suitable and appropriate manner, could face organisational failure, causing problems for individual jobs and careers. Managers need a pro-active mindset where they need to anticipate and confront challenges of the future, rather than manage in relation to events that have already occurred. When facing organisational change, managers must consider the people whom the change is affecting. These would include the people within the organisational environment, for example, staff, and the people outside the organisation, for example, customers and other stakeholders. There are many types of organisational change, each type affecting the individual in a different way. Change can be distinguished by considering how deeply the change affects the organisation. Buchanan, Claydon and Doyle, (1999) carried out a survey of management experiences of change. The findings suggest that organisational change can create fear, fatigue and cynicism. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross (1969) found that when dealing with something traumatic and stressful, people go through a number of phases, known as the coping cycle. This has been used to understand peoples responses to organisational change, a situation where people often find it hard to cope. The five stages of the Kubler-Ross response coping cycle disguises peoples individual differences. We may omit some stages, revisit particular stages or pass through them more or less quickly than others. From an organisational outlook, this can be a useful tool when trying to detect where in the response cycle a person may be, during organisational change and guidance and support can be offered when necessary. Managers need to contemplate how much pressure staff can take from organisational change. The relationship between pressure and performance can be described in the Yerkes-Dodson law (1908). The law states that task performance increases as our state of arousal increases, and that beyond some optimal point, we become overwhelmed by the level of stimulation or pressure, and our performance starts to fall. With changes being imposed, people have to spend time learning new things, adapt to new systems and procedures, develop new knowledge and use new skills and behaviours. The organisation cannot stop functioning while this happens and this can lead to the initiative fatigue which Buchanan, Claydon and Doyle found during their survey, mentioned earlier. Peoples arousal levels can be pushed beyond their optimum performance point where change initiatives are frequent. However, Morgan feels it is important to view people as key resources, encouraging them to relish change, blending specialist and generalist qualities, managing in an environment of equals, and making education a continual process. If people have skills in a number of jobs within the organisation, they will be more flexible to change. Management need to know what levels of pressure people are experiencing. There are a number of indicators which can reveal, among other things, that people are working under too much pressure prompting management to reduce the pressure. These measures may include: * Unexplained absences * High rate of sickness * Labour turnover * More customer complaints * More employee grievances * Accidents and mistakes Resistance to change is common, however, people find change threatening. Those involved are presented with new scenarios, new problems and challenges. Change can be ambiguous and unclear. Many people find change, or the thought of change frustrating. Where Huczynski and Buchanan emphasise that change can be a problem for existing employees, Morgan focuses on the importance of managers recruiting people who enjoy learning and relish change and to motivate employees to be intelligent, flexible and adaptive. Tony Eccles (1994), identified thirteen possible sources of resistance which managers should consider when managing chance in the organisation: * Ignorance This may cause a failure to understand the problem * Comparison A solution may be disliked because an alternative is preferred * Disbelief People may feel that a proposed solution will not work * Loss The change may have unacceptable personal costs * Inadequacy The rewards from change are not sufficient * Anxiety People fear of being unable to cope with the new situation * Demolition This is where change threatens to destroy existing social arrangements * Power cut Sources of influence and control will be eroded * Contamination New values and practice are repellent * Inhibition The willingness to change is low * Mistrust Management motives for change are considered suspicious * Alienation Other interests are more highly valued than new proposals * Frustration The change will reduce power and career opportunities There are potentially as many different reasons for resisting change as there are individuals affected by change in the first place. Through a set of approaches which involves the use of a range of management techniques and stakeholder analysis, resistance to change can be managed. Stakeholders are those people or groups with an interest in the organisations activities. There are three types of stakeholder, each should be managed differently: Internal stakeholders exist within the boundaries of the organisation. They are employees and management Connected stakeholders are those outside the organisation, such as suppliers, customers and shareholders External stakeholders include the state, local authorities, the public, pressure groups etc People within an organisation are affected by change and therefore respond differently to specific change proposals. Anticipating responses becomes possible when one understands the stakeholders concerned with a particular organisational change. John Kotter and Leo Schlesinger (1979) identified six methods for overcoming resistance: 1. Education and commitment Managers need to inform the people whom the change involves and affects about the nature of the problem prompting change. Their objections, perceptions and knowledge should be shared with these people to avoid misunderstandings which can cause resistance. It helps to get the facts straight, and to identify and resolve opposing views. There must be a large amount of trust between management and employees if this approach is to be used. Managers should pay special attention to skills that increase their power to communicate, to create shared understanding. 2. Participation and involvement By involving those people who resist change in the planning and implementation of it, their fears will be reduced about the impact of changes on them. Collaboration can reduce opposition and encourage dedication. If managers are to use this approach, it is important that the individuals have satisfactory knowledge and ability to contribute effectively. 3. Facilitation and support Peoples feelings may be altered towards change and they may be able to accept it if they are offered support to overcome the fears and anxieties. 4. Negotiation and agreement When imposing change, it is important to consider those affected who have a certain degree of power over the organisation. A mutually agreeable compromise may be necessary, through trading and exchange. 5. Manipulation and co-optation When proposing change to a particular group or stakeholder it may be necessary to deliberately appeal to their specific interests, sensitivities and emotions, deliberately emphasising the benefits and playing down the disadvantages. Co-optation involves giving key resistors direct access to the decision making process, perhaps giving them for example, high status management positions. 6. Implicit and explicit coercion This is where management abandons any attempt to reach an agreement and results in the use of non-violent force or threats. This could mean firing the individual, demoting them or to obstruct their promotion and career prospects. This may be appropriate when no agreement is being made between management and those concerned with the change. For effective change implementation, managers should enforce change with full cooperation. Employee involvement is very important for managers to overcome resistance and encourage employees to welcome the prospect of change in the organisation. Management should carefully think of leadership styles to managing change because this can help reduce the resistance to change. By adopting a collaborative style of management, employees will willing participate in key decisions affecting their and the organisations future. One experience of organisational change that sticks in mind was the appointment of a new manager at a hotel where I was employed. When I first began working there, the original manager lacked leadership skills. Internal communications were poor, for example, when the restaurant opening times changed, staff were not informed properly or not informed at all by management. Staff had to rely on word of mouth from other members of staff which often led to misinterpretation. Management did, not listen to problems which staff encountered. Management didnt care which led to staff not caring. The hotel had room for improvements, but these improvements were not implemented. The customer was not the focus of any decision-making and their requirements were not met. This resulted in a great loss of business over a short period of time. When new management was appointed, I experienced complete change in the organisation. Staff views were listened to, their ideas for improvement in the hotel were taken into consideration and often carried out. Internal communications were improved and staff felt more involved with the business. With the manager being focused, this led to staff sharing this attitude. Customers were at the focus of every business making decision, their opinions were listened to. The hotel experienced complete innovation which staff and customers were happy with. Within a short time, business picked up again and still continues to. Morgan agrees with Huczynski and Buchanans view that people resist change, but feels that if people are educated and trained to do more one job in the organisation there will be a lesser feeling of loss of security and certainty. He believes in schemes that guarantee employees an income and a role in the organisation, but not a specific role. In this way, security is defined in financial terms-rather than in terms of the right to discharge a particular set of duties or responsibilities- and the organisation provides suitable retraining and development programs. Change demands innovation, and innovation demands that the creative potential in people is unleashed. Many people have come to see themselves as having a clear place in their organisations, whether in terms of their immediate job or career. This trend needs to be reversed to create a situation in which people recognize and accept change, and rise to meet the challenges it brings. Huczynski and Buchanan tend to focus on the negative effects people experience when change occurs, which I believe to be an old fashioned view. I agree with Morgan, who talks more about the positive aspects of change people experience, where people today, like a challenge and have more opportunities and are encouraged to learn more skills. Negatives are seen as opportunities. Morgan believes that it is important to view people as a key resource, encouraging them to relish change, blending specialist and generalist qualities, managing in an environment of equals, and making education a continual process. When managing change, managers need to consider the people whom the change is affecting. Staff should be considered and informed to ensure widespread participation within the business when the change takes place. Management should try to build a culture where their employees share their values and aims, and a company wide acceptance to the change is adopted. The common problem of resistance to change can be helped and possibly overcome through a number of management techniques and leadership styles. Staff should be asked to identify and develop new opportunities in the organisation. This kind of orientation can invigorate and empower people to reach the leading edge of change and stay there. It is also important to consider the customer when managing change in the organisation because in todays marketing orientated attitude to business, all decision making and planning must be based around customers requirements. This is an important factor contributing to the success of the organisation. Connected stakeholders, for example suppliers, also need to be considered and informed of the change. Their views and opinions need to be heard and taken into account. When dealing with stakeholders who have a certain degree of power over the organisation, it may be appropriate to negotiate and compromise with them. This will reduce any conflict which could lead to major problems for the organisation in the long run. Managers should use the views and needs of customers and other key stakeholders as a mirror in which they see and understand their own strengths and weaknesses, and act on these insights to reshape their relations with the environment. It is also important to consider the organisations competitors when managing change. Is the change going to create an advantage or disadvantage to competitors? Will the change encourage new competitors? Clearly, any program of change involves a high degree of skill in people management since people are at the very centre of the change. By considering the people factors when managing change, the change will be successful.

Forensic Scientists Essay -- Criminal Investigative Laboratories, DNA

â€Å"Even with the reliability of DNA examinations, forensic scientists need additional safeguards to ensure the significance of their findings are not over- or under-interpreted† (Willis, 2011, p77). While laboratory techniques for DNA recovery and profiling are well established in criminal investigative laboratories (Bond, et al, 2007, p129), it can be argued that a possible weakness of the use of national databases are understaffing and/or under training of investigators and laboratory staff. Standardization of testing, analysis, evaluation and result presentation to the courts such as that the jury may understand how many people in the population are possible to match the particular DNA profile. This allows the jury to decide on all information presented to direct judgment (Lincoln, 1997, p26). Walsh et al. derived â€Å"an inferential model for DNA database performance using data from major national DNA database programs in 2010 using the parameters that optimizes desirable database outputs as matches† (Walsh et al., 2010, p1556). Research has taken â€Å"important steps toward identifying measures of performance for forensic DNA database operations† (Walsh et al., 2010, p1556). With the expansion of the national DNA database, hit â€Å"rates will continue to increase as approximately 25,000 to 35,000 new arrestee and convicted offender DNA profiles are entered† monthly (Gabriel et al., 2009, p408). Proper use of national DNA databases will strengthen both laboratory and policy efforts with â€Å"standards that guard against bias and error† (NAS, 2009, p111). Regardless of methods, automation or legislation laboratories and criminal investigators involved in forensic sciences must maintain integrity and professional training to expect credibility... ...f how a sample is deemed suitable for entry into the National DNA Database. For example the FBI Criminal Justice Information Service Division (Wide Area Network) recognizes entry into the NDIS of a forensic profile requires a DNA profile to contain ten or more specific CODIS core loci (FBI, 2011). As of 2010, England maintains authority at a National level under Home Office and National DNA Database Strategy Board (FSS, 2010) to regulate NDNAD entries under seven of 10 core loci requirement. These regulations can often change as technology advances such as that in England new PCR kits allow for testing of 15 loci, and as such if DNA samples are capable of being individualized by an increased number of loci authorities will have to address the possibility of enhanced core loci regulations for entry into national databases, while other countries advance accordingly.

Motivation and Team Case Study Essay

The motivation theories that can be found in Two Mens and a lot of Trucks are the desire many people have to take the risk of trying to start and develop their own profitable business. The motivation Mary had to start her own business is followed up threw her franchising the company to other individuals with similar motivation. In Mary’s situation her motivation came after her children finished college and she decided to quit her career to pursue the success of the corporation. She then had given the ability to other individuals to fabricate their own motivation of success threw franchising the company. Mary’s approach to creating high-performance teams within the company started with the principles of the company. These principles are simple but vital to the company. It began with the uniforms and is followed by the attitude to treat customers how you would want your grandmother to be treated. The motivational theories in Siemens’s New Boss are proof of the need for evolving styles of leadership within corporations. Kleinfeld had new approaches to running business. He had foresight and the motivation to request things from employees (such as working weekends) to maintain the profitability of that portion of a much larger corporation. His motivation for success was shown in his dedication to raise a family while working and going to school full time. His approach to creating high-performance teams was in experience of many different areas of the corporation and his ability to be comfortable in any international situation. Kleinfeld had a canny ability to tell stories. Another large part of his success in creating high performance teams was his personal investment in One Siemens. He personally invested in a program thus showing his confidence in the program. This increases the others to put forth the extra effort when they see the boss taking such a personal financial interest.

Why Is Nike the Biggest Training Shoe Company in the World

Athletic shoes have become a basic part just about everyone s wardrobes. This is due to both the increasing numbers of people exercising and the trend towards casual apparel. One of the most popular brands in the world is Nike. Competition is strong at all levels within the industry, especially among the leaders. However, Nike has successfully differentiated from these competitors. This essay will concentrate on what makes Nike shoes standing out from the rest. Starting from making running shoes, Nike had branched out rapidly into an assortment of other sports as well as leisure markets. The firm appealed to the market on the basis of quality, technical innovation, and high performance, all of which attracted the serious athletes. This†¦show more content†¦The most important areas of product development like research and design align with the Nike objective to innovate and inspire. The company has completed countless hours of tests on how the human body moves. It is continuously making new discoveries that improve the products and its performance ability. Technology is a top priority with Nike. As technology is based on time, to have successful technology programs the company has to know what the world will want tomorrow and what resources will be needed. And it appears that Nike always has something new on the horizon. The company digs into any niche related to sports, including technological breakthroughs, retailing, sports manag ement and sports promotion. Depending on what information that they take in, they can make a product that will suit the current times as well as times to come. One of the best examples is the Air concept developed by Nike Ââ€" Air sole which contains pockets of pressurised gas increasing trainers comfort. As a result of devoting vast resources to the research and development, Nike continues to be the leader of quality products. 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